While many sore throats are not dangerous, sometimes they can be a sign of a more serious problem. A sore throat can make it hard to breathe or swallow, which needs immediate medical attention. Rarely, it can be a symptom of a throat infection, or even a more severe illness like HIV, or a tumor in the throat.

A sore throat can have different symptoms depending on the cause, but the most common ones include:

• A scratchy or painful feeling in your throat
• Pain that worsens when you swallow or talk
• Trouble swallowing
• Swollen or tender glands in your neck or under your jaw
• Red, swollen tonsils
• Hoarse or muffled voice
• Cough, runny nose, or sneezing
• Fever

If you have a sore throat, here are some ways to feel better and speed up recovery:

• Gargle with warm salty water (only for older children and adults)
• Drink plenty of water or fluids in soup
• Eat fruits rich in vitamin C like oranges or tangerines
• Avoid smoking or smoky areas
• Suck on ice cubes, popsicles, or hard sweets (avoid giving small hard items to young children to prevent choking)
• Rest and give your body time to heal

See a doctor or get emergency care if you have any of the following:

• Trouble breathing or difficulty swallowing
• A sore throat that lasts more than one week
• High fever (above 39.4°C/103°F)
• Pus or white spots at the back of your throat
• Blood in your spit or phlegm
• A rash or signs of dehydration (dry mouth, no tears, less urination)

The following are some tips to help prevent getting a sore throat:

1. Avoid smoking or smoke exposure: Smoke from cigarettes or cooking fires can irritate your throat.
2. Control allergies: If you have allergies to dust, pollen, or pets, try to avoid triggers and manage symptoms to reduce throat irritation.
3. Avoid chemicals: Smoke from firewood, sawdust, and other chemicals can irritate the throat. Wearing a mask can help reduce exposure.
4. Manage sinus infections: Sinus drainage can irritate your throat. Rinsing your nose with saltwater can help reduce this.
5. Stay clean in crowded places: If you live or work in a crowded environment (such as schools, markets, or dormitories), be mindful of the risk of spreading infections. Wash your hands regularly and avoid contact with sick people.
6. Good hygiene: Wash your hands often and avoid sharing cups, plates, or towels with someone who has a sore throat.
7. Boost your immune system: Eating healthy foods, getting enough sleep, and reducing stress can strengthen your immune system and help prevent infections.

By following these simple steps, you can reduce your chances of getting a sore throat or passing it to others.