Author's details
- Hakim A Abubakre
- BA (Hons) International Business Management, Msc Digital Marketing.
Reviewer's details
- Dr. Khashau Eleburuike
- MBBS (Ilorin) MSc. Global Health Karolinska Institute.
- Resident doctor in family medicine in Northen Sweden.
- Date Published: 2025-09-23
- Date Updated: 2025-09-23
ORF Virus Infection (Sore Mouth / Scabby Mouth)
Introduction
❓ What is ORF?
- A virus from sheep and goats.
- Causes sores in animals (mouth, lips, muzzles).
- Humans can get it by touching sick animals or their equipment.
- Not spread from person to person.
Discussion
🚨 How People Get It
- Touching or feeding sick sheep/goats.
- Handling wool, tools, or surfaces with the virus.
- Having cuts or scratches on your skin when touching animals.
👩🏾⚕️ Who is at Risk?
- Farmers, herders, shepherds.
- Butchers and abattoir workers.
- Veterinarians.
- Children playing with sick animals.
- People with weak immunity (HIV, cancer, chemotherapy).
⚠️ Signs in Humans
- Red, painful lump on hands, fingers, arms, or face.
- Becomes a blister or sore, may leak fluid, then dries and forms a crust.
- Sometimes: mild fever, tiredness, swollen glands.
- Heals in 3–6 weeks in healthy people.
🚑 When to See a Health Worker
- If sore does not heal after a few weeks.
- If it gets very painful, swollen, or smelly.
- If you have fever or tiredness.
- If you have HIV, cancer, or weak immunity.
- If the sore spreads to other body parts.
🧑🏾⚕️ Self-Care
- Keep sore covered with a clean bandage.
- Change bandage when wet or dirty.
- Wash hands with soap and water after touching animals.
- Do not scratch or pick the sore.
- Pain? Take paracetamol or ibuprofen.
🛡️ Prevention
- Wear gloves when touching sheep/goats.
- Cover cuts with plasters/bandages.
- Wash hands after handling animals.
- Vaccinate animals against ORF.
- Clean pens and tools often.
- People with weak immunity should avoid sick animals.
Conclusion
✅ Key Message
ORF is common in people handling sheep and goats.
It usually heals by itself but can be serious for weak immunity.
Protect yourself with gloves, good hygiene, and safe animal care.
References
- Bergqvist C, Kurban M, Abbas O. Orf virus infection. Review. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2017;30(2):123–128.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Orf Virus (Sore Mouth Infection). CDC, 2023.
- Lederman ER, Green GM, DeGroot HE, et al. Orf virus infection in humans: clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management. Lancet Infect Dis. 2007;7(11): 802–813.
- World Health Organization (WHO). Zoonotic diseases: public health importance. WHO, 2023.