• Black men are an important risk group for prostate cancer
• Prostate cancer typically affects older men, but the risk increases with age, particularly after the age of 50.
• People with a family history of prostate cancer are at higher risk.
• Although this type of cancer mostly affects men, trans women (those assigned male at birth) and non-binary people with prostate glands are also at risk.

Many men with early-stage prostate cancer do not have any symptoms. However, as the cancer grows, it can start to cause problems with urination, especially if it presses on the urethra (the tube that carries urine out of the body).

Symptoms may include:

• Needing to urinate often, especially at night.
• Feeling a sudden urge to urinate.
• Difficulty starting to urinate or taking a long time to finish.
• Weak or interrupted flow of urine.
• Feeling like the bladder is not completely empty after urinating.
• Blood in the urine or semen.
• Pain or discomfort when urinating or ejaculating.
• Advanced cancer may present with bone pains, lower limb paresthesia and difficulties with walking

While prostate cancer treatment depends on the stage of the disease, there are things you can do to improve your overall health and well-being during treatment:

• If you are a black man and aged 45 years and above, and or have a history of prostate cancer in male relatives – you should discuss early PSA testing with your doctor 
• Eat a healthy diet: Include more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains in your meals. Reduce consumption of processed foods and red meat.
• Exercise regularly: Physical activity can help keep your body strong.
• Share your feelings: Talk to family, friends, or a counselor about your feelings to reduce stress.
• Practice mindfulness and relaxation techniques like deep breathing or meditation.
• Limit alcohol and stop smoking: Both can increase the risk of complications.

It is important to seek medical attention if you notice any of the following:

• If you have risk factors – being a black man, aged 45 years and above and a family history of prostate cancer – seek medical attention early to consider prostate cancer screening 
• Blood in the urine or semen.
• Difficulty starting or controlling the flow of urine.
• Pain in the bones, especially the back or hips.
• Unexplained weight loss or fever.
• Paresthesia in the lower limbs and or difficulty with walking 
• Erectile dysfunction.

• Maintaining a healthy weight through balanced nutrition and regular exercise.
• Avoiding smoking and limiting alcohol consumption.
• Increasing vitamin D intake: Getting sunlight exposure can help boost vitamin D levels, which may reduce cancer risk.
• Getting regular screenings: Ask your doctor about prostate cancer screening, especially if you are over 45 years or have a family history of the disease.