Types of Balanitis

There are three main types:

1. Zoon’s Balanitis: Most common. Usually affects middle-aged, uncircumcised men. It presents as red, shiny patches.
2. Circinate Balanitis: Linked to reactive arthritis caused by infections. It causes painful inflammation.
3. Pseudoepitheliomatous Keratotic and Micaceous Balanitis: Rare, affects men over 60, and causes scaly, wart-like bumps.

What Causes Balanitis?

• Yeast infection (e.g. Candida) – especially in warm, humid climates
• Bacterial infections
• Viral infections (e.g. herpes)
• Parasitic infections
• Skin conditions like eczema or psoriasis
• Poor hygiene, especially under the foreskin
• Irritants such as harsh soaps, detergents, perfumes, baby wipes, or traditional herbal remedies
• Diabetes – high blood sugar levels in urine promote infection

Signs and Symptoms

If you have balanitis, you may notice:

• Redness or discoloration (red, purple, gray, or white) on the glans
• Shiny or tight skin on the penis head
• Pain or itching around the foreskin or glans
• Foul smell from the pubic area
• Swollen glands near the groin
• Thick, lumpy discharge from under the foreskin
• Pain during urination
• Tight foreskin (phimosis) or difficulty pulling it back
• Sores or cracks on the glans

Self-Care at Home

For mild symptoms, you can try:

• Soaking the penis in warm, salty water to reduce swelling
• Washing the glans and under the foreskin gently once a day
• Avoiding soap, hot water, or rough scrubbing
• Drying under the foreskin before replacing it
• Applying petroleum jelly (Vaseline) to soothe irritation
• Using over-the-counter antifungal or mild steroid creams
• Avoiding irritants like baby wipes, scented powders, or chemical-laden soaps
• Using pain relief medicine such as paracetamol if needed

When to See a doctor or nurse

Seek medical attention if:

• Symptoms persist or worsen after a few days
• You have a fever or pus
• You experience severe pain or swelling
• Balanitis keeps coming back
• You are diabetic
• You notice signs of an STI

Your doctor may prescribe antifungal, antibiotic, or steroid creams, or recommend STI testing. In recurrent or severe cases, circumcision may be discussed.

Prevention Tips

• Wash daily with clean water and a mild, unscented soap
• Clean under the foreskin gently and dry well afterward
• Avoid sharing towels or underwear
• Use condoms during sex, especially with new partners
• If condoms cause irritation, use ones made for sensitive skin
• If you handle chemicals or detergents, wash your hands before urinating
• Keep blood sugar well controlled if you have diabetes

Key Facts to Remember

• Balanitis is common, especially in uncircumcised males and people with poor hygiene or diabetes.
• It is treatable, and most cases improve quickly with proper care.
• Good personal hygiene is the best prevention.
• Don’t be embarrassed to seek medical help. Early treatment prevents complications.